The Protestant Reformation Essays -- European History Religion Papers

The Protestant reformationIntroductionThe Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century is whizz of the most complex movements in atomic number 63an history since the fall of the popish Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of westbound Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and social geography in the west had fundamentally changed. The Reformation would live been revolutionary enough of itself, but it coincided in time with the opening of the Western Hemisphere to the Europeans and the development of firearms as effective field weapons. It coincided, too, with the spread of spiritual rebirth ideals from Italy and the first stirrings of the Scientific Revolution. Taken together, these developments transformed Europe. Causes of the Reformation Many bishops and abbots (especially in countries where they were also territorial princes) bore themselves as secular rulers rather than as servants of the Church. Many members of cathedral chapters and other beneficed ecclesiastics were chiefly concerned with their income and how to maturation it, especially by uniting several prebends (even episcopal sees) in the turn over of one person, who thus enjoyed a larger income and greater power. Luxury prevailed astray among the higher clergy, while the lower clergy were often oppressed. The scientific and ascetic bringing up of the clergy left much to be desired, the moral standard of many existence very low, and the practice of celibacy non everywhere observed. Not less(prenominal) serious was the condition of many monasteries of men, and even of women (which were often homes for the unmarried daughte... ...s did not have to be run by a religious drawing card or Monarchist and that a persons life did not have to be centered on religion or the afterlife. If it were not for the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, the world we live in now would be a much different place. The Protestant Reformation was a major edifice block of history, and some would say our country.BibliographyWorks CitedBirch, David. Early Reformation side Polemics. Austria University of Salzburg,1983.Dickens, A.G. The English Reformation. London BT Batsford Ltd, 1989.Rex, Richard. Henry VIII and the English Reformation. London Macmillan program line Ltd, 1993.Scarisbrick, J.J. The Reformation and the English People. Oxford Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd, 1984.Tyacke, Nicholas. Englands Long Reformation 1500-1600. London UCL Press, 1998.